India's Land Restoration: 21.76 Million Hectares Between 2011-2020

According to a comprehensive report, India has successfully restored 21.76 million hectares of land between 2011 and 2020, reflecting significant progress in environmental rehabilitation and sustainable land management practices. This restoration effort encompasses degraded forests, grasslands, and agricultural lands.

Background: Land degradation affects approximately 32% of India's total land area, impacting soil quality, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration. The restoration includes initiatives under schemes like MGNREGA (rural land conservation), Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (irrigation efficiency), and afforestation programs. India committed to restoring 26 million hectares by 2030 under the UN Convention to Combat Desertification.

Key Facts: (1) 21.76 million hectares restored in one decade; (2) Exceeds projected restoration rate; (3) Includes forest regeneration, grassland recovery, and soil conservation; (4) Contributes to India's climate mitigation targets; (5) Aligns with SDG-15 (Life on Land) and Paris Agreement commitments.

Why It Matters: Land restoration critical for climate change mitigation, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity conservation. Improves agricultural productivity and rural livelihoods. Supports India's net-zero emissions commitment by 2070. Demonstrates India's environmental stewardship.

Exam Angle: GS-III (Environment, Climate Change, Conservation), GS-IV (Sustainability, Ethical Development), UPSC Mains (Environmental Policy, Sustainable Development). Connection to previous years: India's climate commitments, biodiversity conservation, and land use policies.