Amit Shah urges tech-led criminal justice system, stronger fingerprint database

Union Home Minister Amit Shah has emphasized technology's critical role in modernizing India's criminal justice system. His directive calls for comprehensive digital integration across investigation, prosecution, and conviction phases.

Background: India's criminal justice system processes 4+ crore cases annually with conviction rates around 45-50%. Delays averaging 5-7 years reflect systemic inefficiencies. Technology adoption (AI, biometrics, blockchain) is essential for case management, evidence handling, and faster verdicts.

Key Initiative: Expansion of fingerprint databases using AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification System) and integration with CCTNS (Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems). AI-driven analytics for pattern recognition, predictive policing, and case prioritization.

Why It Matters: Aligns with PM Modi's 'tech for governance' vision. Directly impacts criminal justice delivery, reducing court backlogs, and enabling faster closure of heinous crimes. Supports SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, Strong Institutions).

Exam Angle: UPSC questions on criminal justice reform, digital governance, AI ethics in law enforcement, burden of courts (Art. 21 right to speedy trial), and government schemes for modernization. Related to National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) and forensics standards. Previous connections: UPSC 2022 Mains GS-II on judicial efficiency.