India seeks review of US forced labour investigation

Joint Secretary in the Department of Commerce Brij Mohan Mishra presented India's position during a public hearing, seeking review of the US forced labour investigation that could impact India's trade status and GSP benefits. India's argument rests on Constitutional grounds—Articles 21 and 23 of the Indian Constitution explicitly prohibit forced labour and child labour, making it a constitutional obligation rather than mere compliance measure. This matter is significant as the US Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) benefits are conditional upon labor standards compliance. The investigation likely stems from concerns in specific sectors (textiles, agriculture, manufacturing). India argues that its constitutional framework, labor codes (Code on Social Security 2020, Code on Occupational Safety 2020), and enforcement mechanisms demonstrate commitment to eliminating forced labour. This creates friction in India-US trade relations during a period of deepening strategic partnership. The case reflects broader US protectionist measures and the tension between emerging economy labor practices and developed country standards. For UPSC, this tests understanding of constitutional provisions on labor rights, India's labor reform agenda, trade diplomacy, and implications for India's trade surplus with the US.