Centre Bans Paraquat Dichloride Herbicide Linked to Self-Harm Deaths

The Government of India has formally banned paraquat dichloride, a highly toxic herbicide widely used in agriculture, joining over 70 nations including the European Union, USA, and South Korea in restricting this lethal chemical. The ban addresses public health concerns as the herbicide has been implicated in thousands of deaths related to self-harm, homicide, and accidental poisoning, with no available antidote for exposure. Paraquat was extensively used in Indian agriculture for weed control in cotton, sugarcane, and vegetable crops due to its effectiveness and affordability. However, toxicological studies identified severe health risks: ingestion causes rapid multi-organ failure, and dermal exposure can lead to chronic kidney and lung diseases. The chemical's accessibility to the rural population contributed to its frequent use in suicide attempts, particularly in agrarian communities facing distress. The ban represents a significant public health intervention, expected to reduce pesticide-related mortality and morbidity, particularly in vulnerable rural populations. Agricultural extension services will need to promote alternative herbicides and integrated weed management practices. For UPSC candidates, this intersects agricultural policy, public health governance, environmental protection, and the role of regulatory bodies (CIBRC, INSECTICIDE ACT). Mains questions may examine pesticide regulation, farmer welfare, and the balance between agricultural productivity and health safety. This connects to broader themes of sustainable agriculture and the precautionary principle in environmental governance.