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20 September 2026· Today· 30 facts
Secondary sanctions penalize third-party nations trading with sanctioned entities, not just primary targets
India imports 35-40% crude from Russia; 25% US tariff threatens $50+ billion annual trade
G7 price cap of $60/barrel aims to cut Russian revenues while allowing selective purchases
UNCLOS grants 200nm EEZ with innocent passage rights; international waters beyond EEZ guarantee full freedom of navigation
COLREGs 1972 mandates safety protocols; violations constitute unprofessional conduct
INS Kolkata (Guided-Missile Destroyer) represents India's naval modernization and maritime domain awareness capability
UAPA Section 35 enables asset freezing, propaganda bans, and prosecutions against designated unlawful entities
NGT established under NGT Act 2010; headquartered New Delhi with 5 zonal benches; enforces Polluter Pays & Precautionary Principles
CBDR-RC: foundational principle from Rio Earth Summit (1992) & Paris Agreement (2015) anchoring climate equity for developing nations
CJI's emphasis on cumulative environmental damage assessment marks judicial evolution from isolated local impact analysis
Southwest Monsoon accounts for 70%+ of annual rainfall; withdrawal signals transition to post-monsoon season
NBFC-Upper Layer entities exceeding ₹10,000 crore assets must mandatorily list within 3 years of designation.
Scale Based Regulation (SBR) framework introduced October 2021 categorizes NBFCs into four tiers based on systemic risk.
RBI's rejection of Tata Sons' surrender application reaffirms zero exemptions policy for large financial entities.
Banking Regulation (Amendment) Act 2020 expanded RBI powers over UCBs and DCCBs, removing dual-control ambiguity
Fraudulent reservation certificates render appointments void ab initio (Kumari Madhuri Patil precedent).
Articles 15(4) & 16(4) permit reservation; fraud vitiates constitutional protection entirely.
State Scrutiny Committees mandatory since 1994 for caste certificate verification.
2019 UAPA amendments expanded Central Government power to designate organizations AND individuals as terrorists
Hybrid warfare includes cognitive combat, digital radicalization, and proxy-led subversion targeting domestic stability
Three mandatory IMD criteria: 5-day rainfall cessation, anti-cyclonic circulation in lower troposphere, moisture reduction
43% sub-divisions with deficit creates uneven agricultural risk across regions
Sections 10A and 36AAA mandate 8-10 year maximum continuous tenure for cooperative bank directors
RBI can supersede boards and remove non-compliant directors under explicit statutory authority
Zero-MDR policy (2019 Budget) aimed to promote BHIM-UPI adoption but NPCI now enforces 0.4%-1.1% MDR on transactions above ₹2,000
MDR is fee split among payment service providers, issuing banks, and clearing houses—not all retained by one entity
Small retailers threaten to reject digital payments above ₹2,000, risking reversal of digital adoption gains
Kavach is India's indigenous Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system developed by RDSO
₹736 crore sanctioned for track renewal, signaling upgrades, and dehumidifier installation across four zones
Monsoon humidity causes flashovers and electrical insulation breakdown in electric locomotives